International Journal of Gerontology
Volume 4, Issue 2 , Pages 82-88, June 2010

Middle-aged Subjects With Habitual Low-speed Cycling Exercise Have Greater Mononuclear Cell Responsiveness Against Human Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen

  • Kuen-Chang Hsieh

      Affiliations

    • Research Center, Charder Electronic Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
    • ,
  • Yu-Yawn Chen

      Affiliations

    • Co-first author
    • Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Sport University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • ,
  • Tsong-Rong Jang

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Sport University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • ,
  • Yu-Jen Chen

      Affiliations

    • Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Dr Yu-Jen Chen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, 92, Chung San North Road, Section 2, Taipei 104, Taiwan

Accepted 25 September 2009.

Article Outline

Summary 

Background

Whether middle-aged people with habitual cycling exercise (HCE) at low intensity in the morning have higher immunity against hepatitis B virus than sedentary controls (SCs) is a health issue in the elderly.

Methods

Conditioned media (CM) were prepared by stimulating isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or assessment of their inhibitory effects on hepatitis B surface antigen expression in human hepatoma Hep3B cells.

Results

With the percent of maximal oxygen uptake at about 45.52% and percent of maximal heart rate at about 68.58% during a cycling exercise program in the present study, we considered HCE as an aerobic and a low to moderate exercise for the elderly. The concentrations of secreted cytokines such as interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor a and interferon alpha were higher in the MNC-CM from the HCE group than from the SC group. The inhibitory rates of MNC-CM of the HCE group against hepatitis B surface antigen expression were higher than that of the SC group. In the same stimulating concentration of PHA (10 μg/mL), the relative hepatitis B surface antigen expression in MNC-CM of the HCE group was 64.7% versus 81.5% of the SC group. The reduction in inhibitory rates in cytokine neutralization experiments suggests crucial roles of these cytokines for the inhibitory effect of HCE-PHA-MNC-CM against hepatitis B surface antigen expression.

Conclusion

The results reveal that the immune response of MNC, which are stimulated by PHA to suppress hepatitis B surface antigen expression, is greater in middle-aged subjects with low-speed HCE than in sedentary subjects.

Key Words:  aerobic exercise , hepatitis B surface antigen , hepatitis B virus , immunomodulation

No full text is available. To read the body of this article, please view the PDF online.

 

Back to Article Outline

References 

  1. Andersen LB , Schnohr P , Schroll M , et al.   All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports, and cycling to work . Arch Intern Med . 2000;160:1621–1628
  2. Barengo NC , Hu G , Lakka TA , et al.   Low physical activity as a predictor for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle aged men and women in Finland . Eur Heart J . 2004;25:2204–2211
  3. Akimoto T , Kumai Y , Akama T , et al.   Effects of 12 months of exercise training on salivary secretory IgA levels in elderly subjects . Br J Sports Med . 2003;37:76–79
  4. Nieman DC . Exercise, upper respiratory tract infection, and the immune system . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1994;26:128–139
  5. Shephard RJ , Shek PN . Exercise, aging and immune function . Int J Sports Med . 1995;16:1–6
  6. Flynn MG , Fahlman M , Braun WA , et al.   Effects of resistance training on selected indexes of immune function in elderly women . J Appl Physiol . 1999;86:1905–1913
  7. Mazzeo RS . The influence of exercise and aging on immune function . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1994;26:586–592
  8. Houston MS , Silverstein MD , Suman VJ . Risk factors for 30-day mortality in elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection . Arch Intern Med . 1997;157:2190–2195
  9. Shinkai S , Kohno H , Kimura K , et al.   Physical activity and immune senescence in men . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1995;27:1516–1526
  10. Crist DM , Mackinnon LT , Thompson RF , et al.   Physical exercise increases natural cellular-mediated tumor cytotoxicity in elderly women . Gerontology . 1989;35:66–71
  11. Kohut ML , Arntson BA , Lee W , et al.   Moderate exercise improves antibody response to influenza immunization in older adults . Vaccine . 2004;22:2298–2306
  12. Davis JM , Murphy EA , Brown AS , et al.   Effects of moderate exercise and oat b-glucan on innate immune function and susceptibility to respiratory infection . Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol . 2003;286:R366–R372
  13. Suri D , Schilling R , Lopes AR , et al.   Non-cytolytic inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication in human hepatocytes . J Hepatol . 2001;35:790–797
  14. Hsu HY , Chang MH , Ni YH , et al.   Cytokine release of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection . J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr . 1999;29:540–545
  15. Moldoveanu AI , Shephard RJ , Shek PN . Exercise elevates plasma levels but not gene expression of IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-a in blood mononuclear cells . J Appl Physiol . 2000;89:1499–1504
  16. Knowles BB , Howe CC , Aden DP . Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines secrete the major plasma proteins and hepatitis B surface antigen . Science . 1980;209:497–501
  17. Twist EM , Clark HF , Aden DP , et al.   Integration pattern of hepatitis B virus DNA sequences in human hepatoma cell lines . J Virol . 1981;37:239–241
  18. Mosmann T . Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays . J Immunol Methods . 1983;65:55–63
  19. Chen YY , Chang HM . Antiproliferative and differentiating effects of polysaccharide fraction from Fu-Ling (Poria cocos) on human leukemic U937 and HL-60 cells source . Food Chem Toxicol . 2004;42:759–769
  20. Chen YJ , Shiao MS , Lee SS , et al.   Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on the proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic U937 cells . Life Sci . 1997;60:2349–2359
  21. Chiang J , Huang YW , Chen ML , et al.   Comparison of anti-leukemic immunity against U937 cells in endurance athletes versus sedentary controls . Int J Sports Med . 2000;21:602–607
  22. Liao HF , Chiang LM , Yen CC , et al.   Effect of a periodized exercise training and active recovery program on antitumor activity and development of dendritic cells . J Sports Med Phys Fitness . 2006;46:307–314
  23. Wang SY , Hsu ML , Hsu HC , et al.   The anti-tumor effect of Ganoderma lucidum is mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes . Int J Cancer . 1997;70:699–705
  24. Czaja AJ . Serologic markers of hepatitis A and B in acute and chronic liver disease . Mayo Clin Proc . 1979;54:721–732
  25. Chisari FV . Cytotoxic T cells and viral hepatitis . J Clin Invest . 1997;99:1472–1477
  26. Lee WM . Hepatitis B virus infection . N Engl J Med . 1997;337:1733–1745
  27. Yang HI , Lu SN , Liaw YF , et al.   Hepatitis B e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma . N Engl J Med . 2002;347:168–174
  28. Lowder T , Padgett DA , Woods JA . Moderate exercise protects mice from death due to influenza virus . Brain Behav Immun . 2005;19:377–380
  29. Bonino F , Rosina F , Rizzetto M , et al.   Chronic hepatitis in HBsAg carriers with serum HBV-DNA and anti-HBe . Gastroenterology . 1986;90:1268–1273
  30. Mahrle G , Schulze HJ . Recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) in dermatology . J Invest Dermatol . 1990;95(6 Suppl):132S–137S
  31. Schultz U , Chisari FV . Recombinant duck interferon gamma inhibits duck hepatitis B virus replication in primary hepatocytes . J Virol . 1999;73:3162–3168
  32. Sheron N , Lau J , Daniels H , et al.   Increased production of tumour necrosis factor alpha in chronic hepatitis B virus infection . J Hepatol . 1991;12:241–245
  33. Biermer M , Puro R , Schneider RJ . Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication involves disruption of capsid integrity through activation of NF-kB . J Virol . 2003;77:4033–4042
  34. Romero R , Lavine JE . Cytokine inhibition of the hepatitis B virus core promoter . Hepatology . 1996;23:17–23
  35. Perrillo RP , Schiff ER , Davis GL , et al.   A randomized, controlled trial of interferon alpha-2b alone and after prednisone withdrawal for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. The Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group . N Engl J Med . 1990;323:295–301
  36. van Zonneveld M , Honkoop P , Hansen BE , et al.   Long-term follow-up of alpha-interferon treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B . Hepatology . 2004;39:804–810
  37. Leibson PJ , Hunter-Laszlo M , Hayward AR . Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication in fibroblast cultures by human blood mononuclear cells . J Virol . 1986;57:976–982

PII: S1873-9598(10)70028-4

doi:10.1016/S1873-9598(10)70028-4

International Journal of Gerontology
Volume 4, Issue 2 , Pages 82-88, June 2010

Article Tools