International Journal of Gerontology
Volume 4, Issue 2 , Pages 53-68 , June 2010

Mass Gathering Emergency Medicine: A Review of the Taiwan Experience of Long-distance Swimming Across Sun-Moon Lake

  • Wen-Han Chang

      Affiliations

    • Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei Taiwan
    • Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Dr Wen-Han Chang, Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, 92, Section 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Kuo-Song Chang

      Affiliations

    • Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Co-first author
  • ,
  • Chien-Shuan Huang

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation, Tai-En Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Ming-Yuan Huang

      Affiliations

    • Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Ding-Kuo Chien

      Affiliations

    • Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Cheng-Ho Tsai

      Affiliations

    • Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

,Accepted 22 January 2010.

References 

  1. Ahmed QA , Barbeschi M , Memish ZA . The quest for public health security at Hajj: the WHO guidelines on communicable disease alert and response during mass gatherings . Travel Med Infect Dis . 2009;7:226–230
  2. Jaslow D , Yancy A , Milsten A . Mass gathering medical care. National Association of EMS Physicians Standards and Clinical Practice Committee . Prehosp Emerg Care . 2000;4:359–360
  3. Parrillo SJ . Medical care at mass gatherings: considerations for physician involvement . Prehosp Disaster Med . 1995;10:273–275
  4. De Lorenzo R . Mass gathering medicine: a review . Prehosp Disaster Med . 1997;12:68–72
  5. Sanders AB , Criss E , Steckl P , et al.   An analysis of medical care at mass gatherings . Ann Emerg Med . 1986;15:515–519
  6. Hodgetts TJ , Cooke MW . The largest mass gathering: medical coverage for millennium celebrations needs careful planning . BMJ . 1999;318:957–958
  7. Mears G , Batson D . Mass gatherings . In:  Tintinelli JE ,  Ruiz E ,  Krome R editor. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide . 6th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2004;p. 21–25
  8. Dutch MJ , Senini LM , Taylor DJ . Mass gathering medicine: the Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games experience . Emerg Med Australas . 2008;20:228–233
  9. Jaslow D , Drake M , Lewis J . Characteristics of state legislation governing medical care at mass gatherings . Prehosp Emerg Care . 1999;3:316–320
  10. Shah W . Mass gathering medical care: to calculate the Medical Usage Rate of Galway Races . Am J Disaster Med . 2010;5:61–64
  11. Grange JT , Baumann GW . The California 500: medical care at a NASCAR Winston Cup race event . Ann Emerg Med . 1999;34:315–318
  12. Leonard RB , Petrilli R , Noji EK , et al.   In: Provision for Emergency Medical Care for Crowds . Dallas: American College of Emergency Physicians; 1990;p. 1–25
  13. Boatright JR . Emergency medical service—mass gathering action plans . J Emerg Nurs . 2004;30:253–256
  14. Milsten AM , Maguire BJ , Bissell RA , et al.   Mass-gathering medical care: a review of the literature . Prehosp Disaster Med . 2002;17:151–162
  15. Thompson JM , Savoia G , Powell G , et al.   Level of medical care required for mass gatherings: the XV Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, Canada . Ann Emerg Med . 1991;20:385–390
  16. Fransaszek J . Medical care at mass gatherings . Ann Emerg Med . 1986;15:600–601
  17. Michael JA , Barbera JA . Mass gathering medical care: a twenty-five year review . Prehosp Disaster Med . 1997;12:305–312
  18. Furst IM , Sandor GK . Analysis of a medical tent at the Toronto Caribana Parade . Prehosp Disaster Med . 2002;6:199–203
  19. Dress JM , Horton EH , Florida R . Music, mud and medicine. Woodstock '94: a maniacal, musical mass-casualty incident . Emerg Med Serv . 1995;24:30–32 21
  20. Florida R , Goldfarb Z . Woodstock '94: peace, music, and EMS . JEMS . 1994;19:45–48
  21. McGuire LC , Bell AZ . Developing an enhanced minor injury unit for support of urban festivities . Eur J Emerg Med . 2001;8:193–197
  22. Boyle MF , De Lorenzo RA , Garrison R . Physician integration into mass gathering medical care: the United States Air Show . Prehosp Disaster Med . 1993;8:165–168
  23. Hnatow DA , Gordon DJ . Medical planning for mass gatherings: a retrospective review of the San Antonio Papal Mass . Prehosp Disaster Med . 1991;6:443–450
  24. Zhang YP , Wang ZJ , Chen XY . Public health response to mass gathering . Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi . 2008;29:737–739 [In Chinese]
  25. Wang SJ , Yoon HD . Medical aspects of unexpected multiple mass gatherings in the streets during 2002 FIFA World Cup soccer game in Korea . Prehosp Disaster Med . 2002;17(Suppl 2):S42; [Abstract]
  26. Chang WH , Huang CH , Chien DK , et al.   Factors analysis of cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcomes in the elderly in Taiwan . Int J Gerontol . 2009;3:16–25
  27. Bowdish GE , Cordell WH , Bock HC , et al.   Using regression analysis to predict emergency patient volume at the Indianapolis 500 mile race . Ann Emerg Med . 1992;21:1200–1203
  28. Feldman MJ , Lukins JL , Verbeek PR , et al.   Use of treat- and-release medical directives for paramedics at a mass gathering . Prehosp Emerg Care . 2005;9:213–217
  29. Weaver WD , Sutherland K , Wirkus MJ , et al.   Emergency medical care requirements for large public assemblies and a new strategy for managing cardiac arrest in this setting . Ann Emerg Med . 1989;18:155–160
  30. Raphael B . Crowds and other collectives: complexities of human behaviors in mass emergencies . Psychiatry . 2005;68:115–120
  31. Zielinski A . Enhanced surveillance at mass gatherings . Przegl Epidemiol . 2009;63:477–485
  32. Zeitz KM , Zeitz CJ , Arbon P . Forecasting medical workloads at mass gathering events: predictive models as an adjunct to retrospective review . Prehosp Disaster Med . 2005;20:164–168
  33. Arbon P , Bridgewater FHG , Smith C . Mass gathering medicine: a predictive model for patient presentation rates . Prehosp Disaster Med . 2001;16:150–158
  34. Morimura N , Katsumi A , Koido Y , et al.   Analysis of patient load data from the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan . Prehosp Disaster Med . 2004;19:278–284
  35. Wassertheil J , Keane G , Fisher N , et al.   Cardiac arrest outcomes at the Melbourne Cricket Ground and Shrine of Remembrance using a tiered response strategy—a forerunner to public access defibrillation . Resuscitation . 2000;44:97–104
  36. Richards R , Richards D , Whittaker R . Method of predicting the number of casualties in the Sydney City-to-Surf fun runs . Med J Aust . 1984;141:805–808
  37. Green GB , Burnham G . Health care at mass gatherings . JAMA . 1998;279:1485–1486
  38. Nordberg M . EMS and mass gatherings . Emerg Med Serv . 1990;19:46–51 54–6, 91.
  39. Osler DC , Shapiro F , Shapiro S . Medical services at outdoor music festivals: risks and recommendations . Clin Pediatr (Phila) . 1975;14:390–395
  40. Thackway S , Churches T , Fizzell J , et al.   Should cities hosting mass gatherings invest in public health surveillance and planning? Reflections from a decade of mass gatherings in Sydney, Australia . BMC Public Health . 2009;9:324
  41. Nardi R , Bettini M , Bozzoli C , et al.   Emergency medical services in mass gatherings: the experience of the Formula 1 Grand Prix ‘San Marino’ in Imola . Eur J Emerg Med . 1997;4:217–223
  42. Sexton PA , Burns RS , Lerner SE . Sunshine '75: rock medicine inside Diamond Head . Hawaii Med J . 1975;34:271–275
  43. Leonard RB . Medical support for mass gatherings . Emerg Med Clin North Am . 1996;14:383–397
  44. Khan K , Freifeld CC , Wang J , et al.   Preparing for infectious disease threats at mass gatherings: the case of the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games . CMAJ . 2010;182:579–583
  45. Paul HM . Mass casualty: Pope's Denver visit causes mega MCI (mass casualty incident) . JEMS . 1993;18:64–68 72–75.
  46. Schulte D , Meade DM . The papal chase. The Pope's visit: a “mass” gathering . Emerg Med Serv . 1993;22:46–49 65–75, 79.
  47. Chambers J , Guly H . The impact of a music festival on local health services . Health Trends . 1991;23:122–123
  48. Whipkey RR , Paris PM , Stewart RD . Emergency care for mass gatherings: proper planning to improve outcome . Postgrad Med . 1984;76:46–48 44, 51, 54.
  49. Geller RJ , Lopez GP . Poison center planning for mass gatherings: the Georgia Poison Center experience with the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games . J Toxicol Clin Toxicol . 1999;37:315–319
  50. Burdick TE . Wilderness event medicine: planning for mass gatherings in remote areas . Travel Med Infect Dis . 2005;3:249–258
  51. Eadie JL . Health and safety at the 1980 Winter Olympics, Lake Placid, New York . J Environ Health . 1981;43:178–187
  52. Reardon TF . EMS and disaster planning for the Winter Olympics . Emerg Med Serv . 1979;8:88–90 92, 199.
  53. Pons PT , Holland B , Alfrey E , et al.   An advanced emergency medical care system at National Football League games . Ann Emerg Med . 1980;9:203–206
  54. James SH , Calendrillo B , Schnoll SH . Medical and toxicological aspects of the Watkins Glen Rock Concert . J Forensic Sci . 1975;20:71–82
  55. Baker WM , Simone B , Niemann JT , et al.   Special event medical care: the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic experience . Ann Emerg Med . 1986;15:185–190
  56. Friedman LJ , Rodi SW , Kruegur MA , et al.   Medical care at the California AIDS Ride 3: experiences in event medicine . Ann Emerg Med . 1998;31:219–223
  57. Ounanian LL , Salinas C , Shear CL , et al.   Medical care at the 1982 US Festival . Ann Emerg Med . 1986;15:520–527
  58. Schlicht J , Mitcheson M , Henry M . Medical aspects of large outdoor festivals . Lancet . 1972;1:948–952

PII: S1873-9598(10)70025-9

doi: 10.1016/S1873-9598(10)70025-9

International Journal of Gerontology
Volume 4, Issue 2 , Pages 53-68 , June 2010