International Journal of Gerontology
Volume 1, Issue 2 , Pages 53-64, June 2007

Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

  • Jyh-Gong Gabriel Hou

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Dr Jyh-Gong Gabriel Hou, Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    • ,
  • Eugene C Lai

Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

Accepted 30 March 2007.

Article Outline

SUMMARY 

In addition to the typical motor symptoms (resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability) of Parkinson's disease (PD), non-motor symptoms are sources of considerable burden in people with PD, espe-cially in elderly patients. The usual non-motor symptoms include cognitive declines, psychiatric disturbances (depression, psychosis, impulse control), autonomic failures (gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urinary, sexual ability, thermoregulation), sleep difficulties, and pain syndrome. This review article discusses the characteristics, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and management of these symptoms.

Key Words:  dementia , depression , dysautonomia , non-motor symptoms , Parkinson's disease , psychosis , sleep

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PII: S1873-9598(08)70024-3

doi:10.1016/S1873-9598(08)70024-3

International Journal of Gerontology
Volume 1, Issue 2 , Pages 53-64, June 2007

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